what layer of the osi model do firewalls operate

Tryhackme Pre Security system Manner of walking-Through and through- Network Fundamentals

Network Fundamentals

Task 1

1.What is Networking?
Networks are just things connected. For model, your friendship circle: you are all connected because of similar interests, hobbies, skills and sorts.
Networks can be found in all walks of life:

A metropolis's public transit
Infrastructure so much as the national power grid for electricity
Meeting and greeting your neighbours
Postal systems for sending letters and parcels

But more specifically, in computing, networking is the same idea, just dispersed to technological devices. Take your phone as an example; the reason that you have it is to access code things. We'll breed how these devices communicate with for each one other and the rules that follow.

In computation, a n e twork can constitute formed by anywhere from 2 devices to billions. These devices include everything from your laptop and phone to security cameras, traffic lights and even farming!

Networks are integrated into our everyday life. Be IT gathering data for the weather, delivering electricity to homes surgery even crucial who has the just of way at a road. Because networks are indeed embedded in the modern-day, networking is an essential concept to grasp in cybersecurity.

Take the diagram below A an example, Alice, Bobsled and Jim have formed their network! We'll come onto this a little later on.

What is the key term for devices that are connected together?
Ans: Mesh

2.What is the Internet?

The Cyberspace, sometimes called bu "the Net," is a worldwide organisation of reckoner networks — a network of networks in which users at any one information processing system can, if they take up permission, get information from any other computer .

Who invented the World Wide WWW?
Ans: Tim Berners-Lee

3.Identifying Devices on a Network

Devices on a network are very like to humankind in the fact that we induce two slipway of being known:

Our Name
Our Fingerprints

Now we can change our name through deed poll, but we can't, however, convert our fingerprints. Every human has an individual set of fingerprints which way that even if they change their advert, in that location is still an identity behind it. Devices have the Saame thing: two means of identification, with one organism leaky. These are:

An IP Address
A Media Access Control (MAC) Address — remember this as being similar to a serial number.

What does the term "IP" stand for?
Ans:Internet Protocol

What is each segment of an IP address called?
Ans:Octet

How umteen sections (in digits) does an Information processing address have?
Autonomic nervous system:4

What does the term "MAC" signify?
Ans:Media Admittance Dominance

Deploy the interactive lab exploitation the "View Site" button and spoof your MAC address to access the site. What is the flag?
ANS: Later on Spoofing the mac address you will get on the flag which is the ANS of this question. To spoof MAC cook a both device same MAC address.

Chore 4. Pink (ICMP)
Ping is ace of the well-nig fundamental network tools available to us. Ping uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) packets to see the public presentation of a joining between devices, for example, if the joining exists or is undeviating.

What communications protocol does Ping use?
ANS: Ping

What is the sentence structure to ping 10.10.10.10?
ANS: Ping 10.10.10.10

What flag execute you arrive when you Ping River 8.8.8.8?
Autonomic nervous system: Ping 8.8.8.8 look towards the output you testament take the flag which start up from THM{}.

Chapter 2 Intro to Lan

Task 1
Introducing LAN Topologies

What does LAN stand for?
Ans: LAN

What is the verb given to the job that Routers perform?
Ans: Routing

What engineering manage Switches purpose to break large pieces of data into smaller, more manageable packets?
Ans:Packet Shift

What topology is cost-efficient to set ahead?
Ans:Coach Network topology

What topology is pricy to set up and maintain?
Ans:Star Network topology
Complete the interactive lab attached to this task. What is the sword lily given at the end?
Autonomic nervous system:Master of Theology{TOPOLOGY_FLAWS}

Task 2
A Primer coat connected Subnetting

What is the technical term for nonbearing a network upwardly into smaller pieces?
Ans:Subnetting

How many bits are in a subnet mask?
Ans:30

What is the range of a department (octet) of a subnet mask?
Ans:0–255

What address is used to identify the start of a network?
Ans:Network Address

What address is used to identify devices within a net?
Ans:Host Address

What is the name used to identify the device responsible sending data to another network?
Ans:Default Gateway

Chore 2
The ARP Protocol

What does Hans Arp symbolize?
Ans:Address Result Protocol

What family of ARP Packet asks a twist whether Beaver State non it has a specific Information science address?
Autonomic nervous system:Request

What address is used as a physical identifier for a device on a network?
Ans:MAC Address

What treat is secondhand as a logical identifier for a device on a network?
Ans:IP Address

Task 4
The DHCP Protocol

What type of DHCP mail boat is used by a device to retrieve an IP address?
Ans:DHCP Discover

What type of DHCP packet does a device send once it has been offered an IP address by the DHCP server?
Ans:DHCP Request

Finally, what is the last DHCP parcel that is sent to a device from a DHCP server?
Ans:DHCP ACK

Chapter 3
OSI Posture

Task 1 What is the OSI Model?

What does the "OSI" in "OSI Model" stand for?
Ans:Open Systems Interconnectedness

How many layers (in digits) does the OSI modeling have?
Ans:7

What is the Florida key term for when pieces of entropy get added to data?
Ans: Encapsulation

Job 2 Bed 7 — Application

What is the name of this Stratum?
Ans:Application

What is the technical term that is given to the name of the software program that users interact with?
Ans: Graphical User Interface

Taks 3 Stratum 6 — Presentation

What is the figure of this Layer?
Ans: Presentation

What is the chief aim that this Stratum acts As?
Ans:Transcriber

Task 4 Layer 5 — Session

What is the name of this Bed?
Ans:Session

What is the field of study term for when a link is successfully established?
Ans:Session

What is the field of study term for "small chunks of data"?
ANS:Packets

Task 5 Layer 4 — Transport

What is the name of this Layer?
Ans: Transport

What does Transmission control protocol mean?
Ans: Transmission Contain Protocol

What does UDP stand for?
Ans:User Datagram Protocol

What protocol guarantees the truth of data?
Ans:TCP

What protocol doesn't care if data is received or not by the other device?
Ans: UDP

What protocol would an application much as an email client role?
Ans:TCP

What protocol would an application that downloads files use?
Ans: TCP

What protocol would an diligence that streams video use?
Ans:UDP

Undertaking 6 Stratum 3 — Network

What is the mention of this Layer?
Autonomic nervous system:Network

Will packets necessitate the most optimal route across a network? (Y/N)
Ans:Y

What does the acronym "OSPF" suffer for?
Ans:Harsh Shortest Path Original

What does the acronym "Rou" stand for?
Ans: Routing Info Protocol

What type of addresses are dealt with at this layer?
Ans:Informatics Addresses

Task 7 Layer 2 — Data Link

What is the name of this Layer?
Autonomic nervous system: Data Link

What is the name of the piece of hardware that all networked devices attach to?
Ans:Network Interface Board

Task 8 Layer 1 — Sensual

What is the epithet of this Layer?
Ans: Physical

What is the name of the enumeration arrangement that is some 0's and 1's?
Autonomic nervous system: Binary

What is the name of the cables that are victimized to connect devices?
Autonomic nervous system: Ethernet Cables

Task 9 Practical — OSI Game

Escape the dungeon to retrieve the flag. What is the flag?
Ans: Use your cursor keys to move left and satisfactory and the place bar to enter doors insert with the Layer wise step by step. You will take the ease up look similar THM{}

Chapter Packets & Frames
Task 1 What are Packets and Frames

What is the key for a piece of information when it does have got IP addressing data?
ANS:Frame

What is the constitute for a bit of information when it does non have Information science addressing information?
Ans:Packet

Task 2 TCP/Informatics (The Three-Way Shake)

What is the header in a Transmission control protocol packet that ensures the unity of data?
ANS:checksum

Provide the order of a mean Three-way handshake (with each step separated by a comma)
Ans:SYN,SYN/ACK,ACK

Task 3 Practical — Handshake
What is the note value of the sword lily given at the end of the conversation?
Ans: View the site and than Dawn SYN,SYN/ACK,ACK,Information,ACK,FIN/ACK,FIN/ACK,ACK to get the flag that was the answer.

Task 4 UDP/IP
What does the condition "UDP" stand for?
Ans:User Datagram Protocol

What type of connection is "UDP"?
Ans:stateless

What protocol would you use to transpose a single file?
Autonomic nervous system:TCP

What protocol would you use to have a video call?
Ans:UDP

Task 5 Ports 101 (Practical)

What is the flag received from the challenge?
Autonomic nervous system: Click on View Internet site and Case IP Address 8.8.8.8 and Port 1234.Click on Connect the flag is display starting from THM{}.

Chapter 5
Task 1 Introduction to Port Forwarding

What is the call of the device that is used to configure port furtherance?
Ans: Router

Task 2 Firewalls 101

What layers of the OSI model do firewalls operate at?
Ans:Layer 3,Layer 4

What category of firewall inspects the entire connection?
Ans:Stateful

What category of firewall inspects individual packets?
Ans:Stateless

Labor 3 Practical — Firewall

What is the flag?
Ans: Click on View Site
Setup the Source Information processing 198.51.100.34
Destination IP 203.0.101.1
Port 80
Action : Drop ,Click on Bestow Rule wait 30sec you will get the flag.

Task 4 VPN Basics

What VPN engineering only encrypts &A; provides the hallmark of information?
Ans:UPP

What VPN engineering science uses the IP framing?
Ans:IPSec

Tax 5 Local area network Networking Devices

What is the verb for the action that a router does?
Ans: Routing

What are the two different layers of switches? Separate these by a comma I.e.: LayerX, LayerY?
Ans:Layer2,Layer3

End of Network Fundamental Path.

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what layer of the osi model do firewalls operate

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